[08.09.15路透社] 美国总统候选人阐明对中国政策

妩人少将

【08.09.15路透社】美国总统候选人阐明对中国政策
【原文标题】U.S. presidential hopefuls spell out China policy
【原文标题】美国总统候选人阐明对中国政策
【登载媒体】英国路透社
【原文地址链接】http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSPEK316220
【译者】妩人少将   个人原创翻译
【声明】本翻译仅供Anti-CNN使用，谢绝转载
【原文】
                                                 U.S. presidential hopefuls spell out China policy
     BEIJING, Sept 15 (Reuters) - U.S. presidential contenders John McCain and Barack Obama both vowed to press China on trade and to work with it on climate change if elected, and Obama said he would make shifting Beijing's currency policies a priority.

     Democratic candidate Obama and Republican candidate McCain laid out their views on Beijing's rising diplomatic and economic power in position papers published by the American Chamber of Commerce in China on Monday (www.amcham-china.org.cn).

     Both senators want China to grant citizens wider rights, but stressed security, economic and environmental issues that make ties between Washington and Beijing globally important and often contentious.

   The U.S. trade deficit with China hit a record $256.3 billion in 2007. "Central to any rebalancing of our economic relationship must be change in [China's] currency practices," Obama said in his policy paper.

    "I will use all the diplomatic avenues available to seek a change in China's currency practices," he said.

    Obama said China pegs its yuan currency at an "artificially low rate," making its exports unfairly cheap.

    He has backed legislation that would define currency manipulation as an illegal subsidy so that the United States could slap duties on more Chinese goods.

    In his paper, McCain accused his Democrat rival of "preying on the fears stoked by Asia's dynamism," but the Republican candidate also said "China has its obligations as well".

    "(China's) commitment to open markets must include enforcement of international trade rules, protecting intellectual property, lowering manufacturing tariffs and fulfilment of its commitment to move to a market-determined currency," McCain said.

    The yuan has appreciated a further 18.47 percent since it was revalued by 2.1 percent to 8.11 per dollar in July 2005, and freed from a dollar peg to float within managed bands. Now one U.S. dollar buys about 6.85 yuan.

    While the Republican and Democratic candidates have sparred over energy policy, they found some common ground in vowing to bring China into firmer international commitments to control greenhouse gases stoking global warming.

    The U.S. and China are the world's two biggest emitters of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, and they will play a decisive role in negotiations to forge a global climate pact to build on the Kyoto Protocol, which expires in 2012.

    China has insisted that, as a developing country, it must grow first and not accept any caps until wealthier. Washington has refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, noting it did not impose caps on China and other big, developing economies.

    "Given the environmental challenges so evident in China today, pressing on with uncontrolled emissions is in no one's interest," said McCain. The U.S. could in turn "take the lead" in spreading low-carbon technology to poorer countries.

    Obama said the two nations must "develop much higher levels of cooperation without delay" to produce new means of reducing the threat from climate change.

(For a Factbox on the candidates' policies, please click on [ID:nPEK333183] (Reporting by Chris Buckley; Editing by Paul Tait)
偶滴翻译：
                                                  美国总统候选人阐明中国政策
       北京 ， 9月15日（路透社） -美国总统候选人约翰.麦凯恩和巴拉克.奥巴马都发誓如果当选将在贸易问题上对中国施压并且与中国一道努力共同应对全球气候变暖，另外奥巴马说他将把改变北京的货币政策作为优先事项。

       民主党候选人奥巴马和共和党总统候选人麦凯恩周一在中国美国商会发表的报告上阐述了他们对北京正在崛起的外交和经济实力的观点（ www.amcham - china.org.cn ） 。

       双方参议员希望中国给予公民更广泛的权利，但强调安全、经济和环境问题使得华府与北京之间的关系具有重要的全球意义，而且往往引起争议。

       美国在2007年对中国的贸易赤字达到创纪录的二千五百六十三亿美元。 “任何试图平衡两国经济关系的重要举措都必须要改变中国的人民币汇率政策”‘奥巴马在他的政策文件里说。

       “我将利用所有可用的外交途径寻求改变中国的货币政策，”他说。

       奥巴马声称中国将人民币兑换定在一个“人为的低汇率”，”使得它的出口处于不公平的低价位。

       他支持将操纵货币行为界定为非法补贴的立法，以便使美国可以对更多的中国商品征收关税。

       麦凯恩则在他的文章里指责他的民主党对手“是夸大由亚洲繁荣所引起的恐惧”，但共和党候选人也说： “中国同样负有义务”。

       “（中国的）开放市场的承诺，必须包括强制执行国际贸易规则，保护知识产权，降低制造业的关税并且履行其实现货币由市场决定的承诺，”麦凯恩说。

       在2005年7月1美元兑换8.11元人民币的时侯人民币仅升值2.1 ％ ，到现在人民币已经进一步升值了18.47 ％ ，而且从紧盯美元的政策转变为管理控制中的自由浮动。现在一美元兑换大约6.85元人民币。

       虽然共和党和民主党的候选人在能源政策方面互相争吵，他们在誓言把中国带入更加坚实的国际责任中以控制引发全球气候变暖的温室气体排放上找到了一些共同点，

       美国和中国是世界上两个最大的主要温室气体二氧化碳的排放国，他们将在谈判于《京都议定书》的基础上建立一个全球性气候条约中起着决定性的作用，《京都议定书》将在2012年终止。

       中国坚持认为，作为一个发展中国家它必须先进行发展，它不会接受任何上限直至它实现国家富有。华盛顿已拒绝批准《京都议定书》，声称它并没有对中国和其他发展中的大经济体设定上限。

       麦凯恩说：“鉴于环境问题带来的挑战在今天的中国是如此明显，强硬的不受控制的排放不符合任何人的利益。”美国可以在给较贫穷国家推广低碳技术上“起到带头作用”。

       奥巴马声称这两个国家都必须“发展毫不拖延的更高层次合作，”以共同提出减少来自气候变化影响的威胁的新措施。

       （来自关于候选人的政策的factbox，请按一下[ID： npek333183 ] （Chris Buckley报告aul Tait编辑）

[ 本帖最后由 妩人少将 于 2008-9-15 18:40 编辑 ]